On the Absheron Peninsula, almond researchers followed the Oriental fruit moth through two vegetation periods. The setting matters: this is a study of a particular pest in a particular almond-growing region, not a trial of California orchard practices.
The 2024–2025 study examines the moth’s distribution, biology, population density and harmfulness in almond orchards, according to the paper’s abstract.
Four generations, shaped by local climate
The reported finding is that Grapholita molesta completes four generations a year in the region, a pattern the researchers attribute to regional climatic conditions.
That count is specific to the study’s Absheron almond orchards. It does not establish how many generations occur in California, where orchard conditions and seasonal pest timing would need to be assessed locally.
A count is not a spray calendar
The abstract excerpt available here does not provide flight dates, density figures, damage rates or control comparisons. Without those details, the generation count offers little basis for translating the study into a treatment threshold or application schedule.
For California almond operations, the paper is a regional research point—not evidence that local pest timing or management recommendations should change.